A palavra questionada em entrevistas do Programa Roda Viva: o ato de fala pergunta como instaurador de identidades

Abstract

This paper aims to undertake an analysis of the speech act of question in a discursive-interactional perspective. From the integration between the Theory of the Speech Acts, the Semiolinguistics and the Interactionism proposed by Marcel Burger, our specific objectives were to identify the nature of this act, the particular type of action it performs, therestrictions imposed on the answers, its enunciative properties as well as its interactionaldiscursive dimension. Another purpose was to analyze the correlation question / answer in order to identify the effect of the imbalance of the intentionalities between them. As source ofobservation, the data selected for our analysis consisted of transcripts of interviews of three personalities of the political scenario involved in a corruption scheme (Roberto Jefferson, Jose Dirceu and Jose Genoíno), shown by Roda Viva program, transmitted by the Rede Cultura deTelevisão. Constituent of the media information genre, the political interview consolidates itself as a social-discursive practice which intends to meet the demands of citizen life, hence our interest in it. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that as they are authentic speeches processed in real time, once the program is broadcasted live, this particular situation of interaction has provided relevant pragmatic units, which enabled us to avoid superficial generalizations of the discursive phenomenon; moreover, it furnished us with more accurate data to the descriptionof the question. From the observation of the parameters that define the directive force of the question, we verified that the world-word direction of adjustment, which it implies, refers to the entry of the speaker in the discursive interaction, that is to say, it is an act that falls uponthe speaker leading him to act in the language form, consolidating therefore, the constitutive act of interaction. From the connection between the directionality pointed by the question and its acceptance or not shown in the speakers response, we testified four different patterns ofinteraction generated from there. The classification of these patterns occurred by the recognition that the speech act of question is performed as an illocutional act in prototypic cases and also that when other intentions are added to it, it serves as support for perlocutionalacts. On the strength of the analyzed genre, we realized that the materiality of the interaction, here on screen, has imposed heavy restrictions on the psychosocial disposition of the subjectsinvolved in this practice of language. Since it was an interaction broadcasted live, there was the virtual presence of the televiewer that represents the public opinion, so dear to politicians and to the media. Thus, the parties of production, here represented by interviewers andinterviewees, and the party of reception, characterized by the audience of the program, were engaged in a process of transaction, in which the former performed the dual role of interpellator and witness of the world and the latter, hypothetically, a reactive role in face of the exchanges placed in and through the interview. Therefore, both interviewers andinterviewees were strongly engaged in their speech projects, to arouse interest from the public for purposes of making knowing, making thinking or making feeling. Finally, we could certify that the speech act of question, in the discursive situation here analyzed, rather than being a questioning on a state of affairs, is an implicature to the subject, due to the fact thatthe enquiry calls into question the subject himself, who tries, then, to establish a coherency that will ensure the identity he has sought. On the other hand, the question is formulated in view of the subject that is questioned, through him, all that concerns him and everything thatsurrounds him. In other words, the question establishes identities and it is up to the speaker to reaffirm them or not. The publics role is to decode this simulacrum of reality shown by the media.