Criação e validação de um protocolo para individualizar a altura máxima de transposição de barreiras no treinamento pliométrico

Abstract

In the specific literature focused on plyometric training (PT), as well as in its practice, the use of different materials is verified as a way to dynamize the exercises. This fact may influence the other components of the training load. It stands out among the materials used the hurdles, similar to those used in track and field. However, there is a clear shortage in terms of a better characterization of the use of this implement in training and evaluation situations. The aims of the present study were: to create a protocol that can determine the maximum individual height of barrier transposition for the TP; verify reliability and evidence of construct validity; verify the individualization of barriers by the height of the vertical rebound and the higher index of reactive force. Therefore, the study was developed in two phases, namely: phase I and II. Phase I corresponded to the pilot study that counted with eight physically active university students. Posteriorly, phase II was developed, which consisted of two distinct groups: Group 1 (G1) composed of 20 athletes, 10 of them being basketball players and 10 of Taekwondo and group 2 (G2) composed of 15 physically active university students. All subjects were submitted to four days of collect, two days being used for familiarization and two days for testing and retesting. This experimental design was used in the two phases. The analyzed variables were: maximum height of hurdle; maximum height of the vertical rebound; Reactive Strength Index (SRI); Peak of force; Average rate of force development; Impulse and pre-activation of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. The T test was used to verify repeated measures of the subjects familiarization with the protocol proposed in the two study phases .The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the relative reliability and the Standard Error of Measure (SEM) to verify the absolute reliability of the measurements, also in the two phases. As a way of using the "known group difference method" in the verification of evidence of construct validity, the T-test of independent measurements was used in phase II. When the variable did not present the normality assumptions (Shapiro Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Levene's test), the logarithmic transformation method was used. When comparing the two groups, the analysis, through the t-test of independent measures, presented a statistically significant result (p 0.05) for all study variables, with an advantage for G2. The vast majority of the variables presented high reliability (0.80 CCI <0.99) in both phase I and phase II.In phase II, it was clearly observed that the athletes achieved higher reliability indices. It was possible to conclude that the applied test presents adequate values of reliability in distinct groups. And the evidences of validity are explicit considering the method of the difference of known groups for construct validity. It was also verified that the individualization of the heights of the barriers can be established according to each subject and by different parameters