Respostas cardiovasculares e controle autonômico de indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos submetidos ao treinamento físico do Programa Academia da Cidade Unidade Campo Alegre

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular diseasesdevelopment and low rates of population control. Public policies for health promotionhave been adopted in order to encourage a healthy lifestyle, including regularphysical activity. One of the Brazilian social programs is the Academia da Cidade ofBelo Horizonte, that serves approximately 18,000 individuals in its 64 units. Aim:Evaluate Academia da Cidade Campo Alegre training program results in reductionin arterial pressure (AP) of hypertensive and normotensive subjects, and associatethose responses to possible changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and handgripstrength Method: 19 sedentary individuals, distributed in hypertensive group (60 ± 11years old) under pharmacological treatment and normotensive group (43 ± 12 yearsold) underwent three months of training in Academia da Cidade Campo Alegre Thetraining was performed 3x / week, 50-minute sessions, 25 minutes (walking) + 25(strength training or aerobics). The baseline measurements of AP - systolic (SAP)and diastolic (DAP) - heart rate (HR) and RR interval, in addition to the grip strengthwere obtained before training program (PRE), after 6 weeks (INT) and after 12 weeksof training (POS). The mean of arterial pressure (MAP), double product and heartrate variability were calculated and the HR spectral components were analyzed.ANOVA One Way and Duncan (for component VLF) or Student-Newman-Keuls(SNK) (for the variables MAP, SAP and DAP) were used to comparisons in time. Tocomparisons of two means, Student-t test was adopted. Data are expressed asmean±sem and P<0,05 was adopted. Results: Both groups presented a reduction inthe MAP ( = 8,7mmHg for hypertensive and = 11,7mmHg for normotensive,P<0,001), SAP ( = 9,0mmHg for hypertensive and = 12,1mmHg for normotensivesubjects, P<0,001) and DAP ( = 8,5mmHg for hypertensive and = 11,6mmHg,P<0,001 for normotensive). The training induced reduction in DP for hypertensive (= 895,7mmHg.bpm, P = 0,04), but not for the normotensive ( = 468,3mmHg.bpm, P= 0,139). There was no difference in resting heart rate for groups during the training.The training program did not induced changes in heart rate variability for both groups,but lead to an increased in the very low frequency (VLF) component of thenormotensive group. Handgrip strength tended to show difference in normotensivegroup in POS compared to INT in strength handgrip. Conclusion: Academia daCidade exercise training was effective in reducing MAP, SAP and DAP inhypertensive and normotensive individuals; furthermore, in normotensive subjects,the training program led to a reduction of an indicator of total peripheral vascularresistance.