Glifosato: desenvolvimento de metodologia para determinação em soja e milho e avaliação de parâmetros laboratoriais em trabalhadores expostos a agrotóxicos

Abstract

Since 2008 Brazil has assumed the position of the largest global consumer of agrochemicals market. Considering the full range of active ingredients, the glyphosate has highlighted that market, with 76% of total sales of herbicides. Considering the importance of this product on the world, and the risk of environmental or occupational exposure, measures to protect the health of the population are necessary. Therefore, we proposed the development and validation of analytical methodology glyphosate and AMPA determination in soybean and corn samples by liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry technique. The method linearity for glyphosate was 0.005 to 0.05 ng/L and for AMPA 0.10 to 1.0 ng/L. The matrix effect was proved for both. The recovery ranged from 86 to 107% and from 85 to 118% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The limits of quantification in corn and soybeans for glyphosate were 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg respectively. The expanded uncertainty for glyphosate and AMPA in maize ranged from 22 to 24% and 24 to 26% respectively. In soybean expanded uncertainty values for glyphosate and AMPA were 27-31% and 59-93% respectively. Is was considered unsatisfactory for AMPA, based on the values accepted by SANCO further testing need be done. To apply the validated methodology, it were analyzed 75 corn samples, waste is not detected at the same glyphosate and AMPA. Hematological and biochemical parameters were avalysed aimig to determine the impact on health of farmers exposed to glyphosate and other pesticides, since the agrochemicals exposure in agriculture is multiple. A total of 49 men workers exposed to pesticides in Divinópolis/Brazil with an average age of 42 years. Over 61% of the workers wore full health protect equipment and over half (54%) reported using glyphosate. Nevertheless, insecticides (43%) were the most widely used class of pesticides, followed by herbicide (31%) and fungicides (26%). Hematological abnormalities were mild and consisted in decreased hemoglobin (4%), thrombocytopenia (4%), neutrophilphilia (8.2%), and eosinophilia (10.5%). Regarding the biochemical parameters, 19.1% of workers had change of AST, ALT of 16.3%, 14.3% of GGT. Serum creatinine and urea were increased in 76.6% and 8.2% of the workers repectively. Biomonitoring occupational exposure to pesticides is complex and the causal link establishment between changes in laboratory parameters and occupational exposure to pesticides is limited. Periodic assessment of bone narrow, liver and kidney function should be encouraged to prevent damage to health due to exposure to these compounds.