Distribuição ocupacional, níveis de escolaridade e experiência: relações com a variação da desigualdade de renda do trabalho no Brasil metropolitano (2003-2013)

Abstract

To analyze with in details the occupational segmentation like a dimension able to influence the variation in wage inequality, we consider in this study the characteristics in individual in occupational group level. The categories utilized are: managers, professionals from the arts and science, mid-level technicians, workers of administrative service, service workers, sellers and trade service providers and workers of production of goods and services and of repair and maintenance. The results were separated between men and women, because we have an important difference between the occupational distributions by genre. Analyzing the metropolitan regions, the results indicate that individual variables (experience and schooling) explain considerable part of distributive framework between 2003 and 2013. The adoption of the policy for fixing workers presented different effects by genre. While among men the effect was as expected by the theory, serving as a fixing policy of the work force and favoring mainly managers and professionals from the arts and science, among the women the effect more homogeneous between the groups does not allow the creation of a differential between specific categories. While the union participation presented a small effect, the return to specific skills necessaries in each occupational group presented a highly favorable effect to the wage inequality reduction (the exceptions were the managers and professionals from the arts and science), indicating that the occupational segmentation is reduced over time. The stronger effect among women indicates less segmented labor market for the same. Analyzing the effects of occupational mobility on the inequality variation, we found that for men the occupational mobility is favorable to concentrate labor income, while for women the effect is favorable to reduce this concentration. Detailing the mobility pattern, we found that to the men upward mobility (it occurs with increases in wages) is associated with the workers with the highest wages and the downward (with decreases in wages) with the lowest values. Among the women, the mobility is homogeneous between the quantiles of wage distribution. The results indicate that a segmented labor market imposes barriers to mobility, and that the reduction in occupational segmentation favored a reduction in wage disparities between occupational groups and a mobility pattern less polarized.