Sob o céu de outra pátria: imigrantes e educação em Juiz de Fora e Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (1888-1912)

Abstract

his work aims to understand how immigrants childrens schooling was promoted in ifferent social groups considering the social relationships due to the immigrants lives, nvestigating how these elements relate to the process of building a school educational rogram and to the education and immigration policies towards the end of the 19th century nd beginning of the 20th , specifically from 1888 to 1912. These policies are understood as he States action through legislation, its agents and its institutions. As geographic reference, we present the cities of Belo Horizonte and Juiz de Fora and, in the evelopment of the study, the differences between them, given that they are both important rban centers to the state of Minas Gerais. Juiz de Fora as an economically consolidated ommercial and industrial center with high demographic concentration that was fundamental o immigration policies in the state. And Belo Horizonte, that in the early Republic was still a oung city and grew politically as it was planned to be the States Capital and used a high ontingent of immigrants in its construction, most of them Italian. he theoretic framework built by Brazilian immigrant education historiography and by Minas Gerais education historiography particularized the investigation of their dialogue with arious sources as well as official documentation especially in the understanding of the elationships between work and immigration, ethnicity and schooling. he researchs development as well as the thesis elaboration came to the conclusion that Minas Gerais immigration policy and its actions had the clear objective to promote ethnic ssimilation, contemplated the coming of qualified workers and constituted colonial nuclei lending Brazilian people and foreigners to which schools were chosen. That allowed us to omprehend immigration in the previously mentioned cities and, simultaneously, the ducational processes there developed. he immigration and education history production both in Juiz de Fora and Belo Horizonte, hough in different moments and circumstances, had experiences with colonizing and school onstruction in the colonial centers, as well as schools attached to Mutual Help Italian Associations which regarded part of the immigrants children in both centers. In Juiz de Foras case, we approach its colonizing experience configured in D. Pedro IIs colony foundation which provided primary instruction schools, also analyzing the existence of private schools with ethnic features and the presence of immigrants children in the public schools. For Belo Horizonte, we considered that the main actions in the immigration policies context were the coming of construction workers to the capital and the settlement of a colonial zone composed by five colonies. After the schools were contemplated by law, we detected that the creation of primary instruction subjects in the colonial nuclei made them part of the public instruction network in the capital suburbs during the first decade of the 21st century, responding to a great part of the schooling demand.