Prevalência de feridas em pacientes internados em um hospital filantrópico de grande porte de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

This is a prevalence research with a descriptive approach that was made based in 1,120 patient files that were admitted in a large-sized philanthropic hospital of Belo Horizonte, during the period between June 18 and July 18, 2007. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the wound prevalence. The sample was composed by 1,073 (98,8%) patients that were kept hospitalized by a period over 24 hours. The results have shown that the patients vary in age was in between 2 and 98 years and there was a similar distribution between genders. The majority of patients were either married or were living in a stable union (54,5%), came from home (48,1%), and lived in Belo Horizonte (59,8%). A great part of the patients had a degree (22,6%) and worked in areas related to science and art (21,3%). Regarding the epidemiologic profile, the patients majority (55,5%) were hospitalized for clinical treatment, being the major part of the admissions (27,1%) occurring by symptoms, signs and abnormal findings in clinical and lab exams and also neoplasm treatments (12,3%). From the 1,073 hospitalized patients, 68,3% presented associated diseases because of being admitted to a hospital, generating an average of 1,8 disease per patient being the more prevalent were hypertension (31,1%) and Diabetes mellitus (12,3%). Hospitalization time vary from 1 and 1,508 days, being the average of 5 days, and the hospitalization time associated with wound vary from 1 to 1,700 being the average of 4 days. The found prevalence of wounds were of 48,9% considering all etiologies, being the majority of wounds classified as acute (81,4%). A great part of the studied patients 454 (42,3%) developed skin wounds during the hospitalization period, being more frequent surgical incisions (88,6%) and pressure wounds (9,9%). Regarding the home originated wounds, the most frequent were the traumatic ones (31,4%) and pressure wounds (24,4%). Pressure wounds that have occurred during hospitalization began, during the studied period, in 48 (4,4%) patients and from these the majority (82,7%) were of old-aged people. I would like to emphasize that this group was also the one which presented chronic diseases and complex surgical wounds. A significant number of patients 385 (78,7%) were dehospitalized with wounds and among the ones who were kept hospitalized 76 (15,5%) presented skin wounds. After these results, its recommended a formation of a multidisciplinary team to establish not only preventing actions and wound treatment but also to monitor skin wound index, and the utilization of pressure wound risk evaluation instruments, and the implementation of permanent educational programs in this area. The contribution of this study was to identify the studied hospital wound situation, and also point ways to prevent them and improve skin wound patients treatment.