Análise dos dados referentes aos acidentes de trabalho por exposição a material biológico com contaminação por hepatites virais "B" e C", em uma capital brasileira

Abstract

The work accident for exhibition to biological material exposes the workers to the risk of contamination for infectious diseases, could cause incapacities temporary permanent e/ou with acometimentos of order physical mental e/ou, becoming constant concern for insituições andtrabalhadores.O objective of this work was to analyze the work accidents for exhibition to biological material that they resulted in contamination for virus of the hepatitis " B " and " C ", in a Brazilian capital, to analyze the distribution of the work accidents in relationship accident type, nature of the lesion, work place, notification of the accident, the situation vacinal for hepatitis B the activity laboral, involved biological material, classification etiológica and evolution of the case and to verify factors associated to the work accidents for exhibition to biological material with contamination for hepatitis turns " B " and " C " she Opted for epidemic research withtraverse delineamento. The data were collected in the database of the System of Information Offences of Notification (SINAN) through the Records of " Investigation it Alters of Work with Exhibition to the [sic] Biological Material and Hepatitis Turn ", of the period of 2007 to June of2011. In the descriptive analysis of the data, he/she took place in the distribution of frequencies and percentile for the variables occupation, sex, notification of the accident through CAT, situation vacinal for hepatitis B, education, classification etiológica and evolution of the case andthe statistical inference with test T-Student and Anova. Participants of the research were distributed in professional categories, being 24,44% of technicians in enfermagem, 64,44% of the professionals were of the feminine sex, with medium age 39 years old. The work entail, 28,88%of the workers presented signed wallet. In the notification of the professionals' accident 75,55% they didn't fill out CAT. The institution hospitalar presented larger frequency with 92,85%, place where more happened occupational exhibition to the biological fluid. With relationship to the agent, 35,71% were caused by needle without lúmen in circumstance of the administration of medication endovenosa and subcutaneous. The blood was present in 64,29% of the exhibitionsand 57,14% of the cases in the exhibition percutânea. In the distribution of the occupation and hepatitis you turn " B " and " C ", the largest prevalência of those viruses was in the category " ignored ", with 57,78%, as well as for the immunization for hepatitis " B " with 42,22% of theunknown cases. The incubation period, 93,33% cases were smaller or equal to 180 days, due exhibition the more than six months with 60% of the occurrences, and of these 57,78% they developed for chronic hepatitis. In the test T - Student there was not statistical significânciabetween the age and the sex, and for Anova among the variables age, sex, situation vacinal, education and occupation. It was significant estatísticamente between age and CAT with p=0,004. The characteristics and the local conditions of work of the enfermagem team favored theexhibition to the risk, being susceptible to prevention through the worker's sensibilização with relationship to the exhibition to the biological risk, use of EPI and educational practices for minimização of the biological risk.