Avaliação do monitoramento telefônico na promoção do autocuidado em diabetes na atenção primária em saúde

Abstract

The Monitoring Telephone (MT) is an innovative approach in health used in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) education, and that have encouraged adherence to self-care practices as well as provided improved glycemic control. It is considered, therefore, a form of effective communication and listening comprehension on the part of the health professional and the user.This study aimed to evaluate the MT for the promotion of self-care associated with physical activity and diet in users with DM2 in primary health care in Belo Horizonte - MG. This is a quasi-experimental study, randomized, developed with 210 users with DM2, with 106 belonging to the experimental group (EG) and 104 to the control group (CG), all linked to eight Basic Health Units in the Eastern District of Belo Horizonte. Data collection was performed by health professionals during the months of February and August 2012 and was divided into three periods: before the start of the educational activities (T0), considered pretest, and shortly after the end of each educational cycle, at 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months, including the post-test. For both groups, the T0 interviews were conducted face to face for the collection of demographic data, application of Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire - ESM, notes of anthropometric measurements and collection of laboratory tests. At the end of each cycle T3 and T6, was reapplied with the Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire - ESM via phone. The educational intervention for GE occurred in a systematic manner, from a script containing questions about knowledge and doubts about the DM, the facilities and barriers to self-care and characteristics of connections with the number of attempts and duration of calls. The GC not participated in any educational intervention linked to the project, just kept the traditional service received in the Basic Health. The sample was characterized by most users are female (n = 144), average aged 62 years, having a partner (n = 124) and elementary education (n =108). The average scores obtained by GE in T0, T3 and T6 were, respectively, 3.52 ± 0.71, 5.20 ± 0.94 and 5.53 ± 0.80, and the GC were 3.55 ± 0, 76, 4.34 ± 1.10 and 4.10 ± 1.18. Barriers and facilitators to practice self-care were most cited factors related to the Psychosocial and Cultural Behavior. Regarding the characterization of the SG had connections on average call lasting 12 minutes and the GC with 6 minutes. We conclude that the educational strategy tested improved self-care practices related to physical activity and diet, since the experimental group achieved scores above 5 points after the educational intervention. And, this statistically significant result occurred in the group receiving the MT is a major contribution to improving the quality of life of these users and their own education programs and monitoring of this population.