Biocarvão como alternativa no cultivo in vitro de pitaia e morangueiro.

Abstract

The in vitro recipients interior are restricted in the availability of water, in the gas exchanges between the growing environment and the outside environment, and the accumulation of ethylene gas produced by the plant is detrimental to its growth. The gas exchanges are important because they provide oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor, and eliminate the ethylene gas trapped in the recipients interior. In this context, two experiments were carried out with the objective of evaluating the use of biochar from sugarcane bagasse in recipients with or without lid with porous membrane (experiment 1) and in combination with silver nitrate (experiment 2) in the in vitro cultivation of pitaya and strawberry. The experiment 1 was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 5X2+2 factorial scheme, with 6 replicates: five doses of biochar (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 g L-1), two types of lid and two additional treatments with and without activated carbon. The experiment 2 was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 5X2 factorial scheme, with six replicates: five silver nitrate concentrations (0; 5; 10; 20; 40 M L-1) with or without biochar. The use or not of lids with porous membrane did not affect the growth and the number of roots of pitaya and strawberry when in vitro conditions, on the other hand, when using lids with porous membrane was obtained greater roots dry matter yield. The addition of up to 4 g L-1 of biochar in the culture medium, regardless of the use or not of lids with porous membrane, favored the growth and development of the pitaya and strawberry roots. The silver nitrate alone contributed to the greater length and dry mass of pitaya roots and greater dry mass of strawberry roots and, the addition of biochar in the culture medium decreases the silver nitrate effects in vitro culture.