Uso do resíduo da mineralização de esmeraldas da Província Esmeraldífera de Nova Era em solo agrícola

Abstract

The main objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the use of mining waste as a feedstock for alternative agricultural soil. The material is generated by mining gems Esmeraldífera Province, located in the districts of Itabira and Nova Era in Minas Gerais. Its geology is represented by Guanhães and Mantiqueira Complex, besides the suite Borrachudo. The Schist, main carriers of emerald crystals, the object of this work are the dominant constituents of the residue. The experiments were conducted in laboratory and greenhouse. The chemical characterization of the residue was determined by X Ray Fluorecence Whole Rock & Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Espectrometry - ICP-MS and Trace Elements. The residue was standardized grading according to ABNT sieves 10, 20, 50, and bottom, for a better reactivity. The physic-chemical characterization of the soil followed the method described by the Brazilian Agricultural Research. The chemical characterization of the soil after the incubation soil, we evaluated the levels of available Mg+2, Ca+2 e K+ changed, pH in water, saturation levels of aluminum and bases. In addition, phonological parameters were evaluated of maize. The residue released Mg+2 e K+ to the soil, with a peak near 20 ton. ha-1, Potassium levels reached 250 mg. dm-3 for the next dose 20 ton. ha-1. In soil incubated in the laboratory with crushed rock, was analyzed also the product of a leaching by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry - ICP-OES. The Ca2+, incubating the test was not promising, the opposite situation observed in the product of leaching test, which grew by 24% at the dose of 40 tons. ha-1, The residue afforded decreased the soil pH. Regarding the aluminum saturation, the reduction was significant, with the percentage reduction of the order of 60%, at the highest dose. The phonological parameters, showed increases in the doses of 5 and 10 ton. ha-1, with percentages ranging from 18 to 42% in dry matter production of shoots and 41 and 68% for dry matter production spike and dry matter of grain, respectively, compared to the testimony. The mineral residue studied, showed low concentrations of potentially toxic elements Mg+2 e K+, supply the soil with and providing a reduction of exchangeable Al3 +, motivate studies economic order for your marketing. Its use as an input agricultural mineral provides alternative low cost to farmers, providing reducing the maintenance cost of this environmental liability by mining and decrease in imports of agricultural fertilizers in Brazil.