Discussão do quadro de geração de dados socioeconômicos para a gestão de bacias hidrográficas no Brasil: panorama atual, obstáculos, demanda e desafios

Abstract

The river basin is considered one of the most popular space cutouts for studies directed to environmental planning. Following this line, the Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) [National Policy Water Resources] sets, as one of his reasons, that "the river basin is the unit for implementation of the PNRH and operation of the Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (SINGREH) [National System of Water Resources Management]. Data and information are used as a basis for decision making in any spheres and management scales. To know the reality of a river basin is necessary to have data of various natures (physical, biotic, cultural, economic, social among others). In Brazil, the production of statistical and geographical information for different territorial units is made and coordinated by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics] by constitutional determination. It is through the Population Census that IBGE has more broad socioeconomic data collection that best portray the country. These data are disseminated for various space cuts, especially the political-administrative and census sectors, but not for the river basin. Notes that the socioeconomic data used in the studies and plans for water resources are super or undersized because include or exclude municipalities or sectors contained in more than one watershed. Therefore, nowadays, cannot have a socioeconomic diagnosis need these units, even one can say with certainty how many there are and how they live their inhabitants. On the above, was sought in this work confirm the hypothesis that there is demand for the collection and provision of various statistical data in line with the spatial area of river basins to support environmental studies and also the planning and management along the lines established by PNRH. The present research aimed to build arguments about this demand and yet, while envisioned solution to fill part of this gap, indicated to include new space clipping of the census through the creation of new area of investigation and disclosure of data: the river basin. It should be noted that, while the possibility, this proposal should be examined in more depth, what could be the object of study of the academy or the main national producer agency of this information: the IBGE.