Modelagem de dados geográficos para a definição do corredor do rodoanel da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte: o caso da Alça Sul

Abstract

The transportation planning process is not recent in Brazil. The challenge in extend the transportation infrastructure inward the country was originated during the colony era, which employed rudimentary techniques for planning and construction. Today, besides the transportation planning is been supported by computational resources, the decision making process relies on the dependency for manual operation and interpretation. This process is fragile and deficient when facing the current public, transportation and environmental policies. The recent economic growth in Brazil pushed the country to develop transportation infrastructure projects, most of them implemented without concerning techniques of planning that meet the existing policies. In order to address broad solutions to transportation planning, in the past decades researchers have devoted their attention to create and enhance decision support framework coupled to geospatial intelligent models, aiming to expand the traditional spectrum of cost-benefit analyzes for complex assessments of feasibility and predictive scenarios. Thus, the challenge is to provide an efficient and sustainable transportation solution that balances divergent interests from environmental protection, urban planning and regional economic development, regarding transportation efficiency, logistic and safety. The present work addresses an investigation conducted along to an alive project of metropolitan bypass in Belo Horizonte-Brazil. The objective was to develop a multivariate solution that used 21 variables organized in 4 scenarios: Biophysical, Market_&_Logistics supportive, Socioeconomic and Environmental Limitations. The solution presented a model that integrates a framework for multicriteria decision making, developed using Analytic Hierarchy Process, a Geographic Information System and a platform for geospatial modeling. It enabled to compute a diversity of scenarios derived from concurrent-divergent values and opinions. The study area presents steep terrain, conservation areas and environmental sensitive areas, intermixes rural and developed areas that contain key important industries and mineral prospection sites. The region also encapsulates the junction of BR040 and BR381, two of the most important intestate highways in the state, where pros and cons issues have forced transportation authorities to present a logistic solution to replace the outdated-saturated bypass and junction of interstates highways. ix Findings show the approach can automate the delivery of corridors projects with outstanding quality by combining high volume of data and values. Due to the transparency of the data, variables and rules, the model provides a highly adaptable and transferable solution. The model outputs outstanding graphics and quantitative reports that match the rigor of the highway design. The model can compute predictive scenarios, therefore provided basis for a detailed ground environmental impact analysis and basis for mitigation plan prior to engineering construction phase take place.