Jogos de signos, jogos de linguagem: um estudo comparativo entre a linguistica de Ferdinand de Saussure e a filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein

Abstract

In this dissertation I compare Ferdinand de Saussure´s linguistics with Ludwig Wittgenstein´s philosophy. I compare particularly the way these two authors used metaphors and analogies to constitute their ideas, highlighting the analogy between language and a game, which both authors refer to. In order to explicit the manner in which Saussure and Wittgenstein used metaphors and analogies in their writing, I used the linguist and psychologist Karl Bühler´s theory of the double filters. Based in this theory I show how Wittgenstein, in one side, took his metaphors and analogies to the last consequences, that is, disregarding disparities between concepts used in this metaphors and analogies. Meanwhile, Saussure, on the other side, was more restrained to employ his metaphors and analogies. Besides that, I detail how Wittgenstein leaned on metaphors and analogies to base his ideias, while Saussure used them essentially in the spots that he didn´t have total security about linguistics theories that he was developing. The main objective to resume the comparison between Saussure and Wittgenstein, which stretch back to the book Ludwig Wittgenstein: his place in the develpment of semantics, published by Tullio de Mauro, in 1967, is to launch news glances to Saussure´s linguistics as for Wittgenstein´s philosophy, that influenced the discussions about the language throughout the 20th century and still occupy highlighted part in philosophy and linguistics nowadays