Efeitos de credibilidade no jornalismo de opinião: heterogeneidade e subjetividade na crítica política ao governo Temer

Abstract

The object of study of this dissertation is the discourse of political criticism in the domain of opinion journalism, published in columns of online mainstream print media, during the Temer Administration. We have selected twelve articles for analysis by six columnists of the Opinion or Politics sections of the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo (RJ) and O Tempo (MG) circulated between March and May of 2017. This period was chosen for its proximity to two major demonstrations, on March 15 and April 28 respectively. In general, we have observed, in the articles selected, the ideological aspects from the references made to the current Administration, to the Opposition and to the Brazilian people. From the theoretical-methodological point of view, we have examined, in the light of the French Discourse Analysis, the linguistic-discursive resources mobilized by the authors of these texts to build credibility in opinion discourse and thus persuade the addressees (readers). We have also observed the frequency of strategies linked to the levels of softening of subject/enunciator markers, which we believe contributes, along with the abundant heterogeneity, to the construction of the regime of veridiction and, by extension, to the credibility of these articles. Based on the notion of effects of credibility, which Charaudeau (2009; 2011) has linked to the mediatic and political discourses, we have built a particularized analisys device which articulates: a) categories of the global semantics put forward by Maingueneau (2006, 2008b, 2015) enunciative deixis, thematization and mode of enunciation; b) some forms of (shown) discursive heterogeneity, proposed by Authier-Revuz (1984, 1990; 2004, 2006) glosses, pressuposition and irony and reread by Maingueneau (1997) in dialoguing with the pragmatics of Ducrot (1987, 1988, 2009), especially with the polyphonic theory of enunciation of the latter author; c) elements of the theory of argumentation in the language system, also developed by Ducrot, such as evaluation indexes and modalization, which were studied, in Brazil, by Koch (1992, 2011) in particular and which are more directly responsible for the effects of subjectivity of/in the texts. The analyses confirm that the construction of credibility in the articles selected is related to the effects of erasing the speaker's positioning, obtained mainly through the resources of shown heterogeneity. We also identified that, besides not making the columnist's opinion explicit, most of the articles analyzed show that current opinion journalism, in one of its major fields (politics), pays little attention to the situation of the Brazilian people.