Trajetórias no mercado de trabalho: perfis socioocupacionais de indivíduos e casais da Grande São Paulo

Abstract

The Brazilian society and its labor market are strongly characterized by heterogeneity. The Brazilian labor market also distinguishes itself by its high instability, that is, by the very short mean occupational spell. Besides, as well as in other countries, in Brazil women have been increasing their labor force participation rate. Since at least the middle seventies, this process has been accelerated by the vigorous increase in the proportion of married women who are active in the labor market. The higher female economic activity develops despite the fact that the disadvantages that women face, comparing to men, have not been suppressed in what relates to earnings, working conditions, kinds of jobs. On the other hand, the higher participation of married women means that their roles in the family and in society have been altering.The goal of this PhD Dissertation is, first, to investigate the differences between women and men in the labor market, considering its heterogeneity and instability. In order to do that, the study should incorporate aspects of the longitudinal individual working-related experience and the relation between past occupational experience, current occupational performance and personal attributes. The second goal is to analyze the combinations of the two members of the couples attributes, working-related ones and others, in order to try to assess their impact on the family well-being.The data-base was the Pesquisa de Mobilidade Ocupacional (Occupational Mobility Survey), carried out from April to December 2001, plus the Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (Employment and Unemployment Survey), which focus on São Paulos Metropolitan Area - SPMA. To examine, first, the individuals occupational trajectories and, then, the conjugal unions in SPMA, two typologies were created using the Grade of Membership (GoM). This method deals with heterogeneity in a more appropriate way. The typology of individuals resulted in three main profiles (Precarious, Unstable and Secure Trajectories), which comprise around 70% of the women and 80% of the men in SPMAs labor market. Women are more subjected to the influence of Precarious Trajectories than men are. The couples typology revealed the great heterogeneity of the conjugal unions. Only half of the couples in SPMA belongs to one of the three main types (Vulnerable, Double Unstable and Stabilized Couples). The spouses age, education, and economic strategies, especially towards the wifes work, are the determinant factors that discriminate the couples.