O perfil de quatro tradutores portugueses de Heart of darkness: um estudo do estilo do tradutor com base em corpus

Abstract

The studies of style of translation draw attention to researches under the perspective of thestyle of the translator (BAER, 2000; PEKKANEN, 2010) and of the translated text(MALMJAER, 2003, 2004). There are also studies that cover both perspectives(SALDANHA, 2011; MUNDAY, 2008). Pekkanen (2010) and Munday (2008) state that themicrolevel textual shifts affect the translated text in its textual macrostructure. This type ofanalysis allows the observation of features related to the translators linguistic behavior. Thisresearch aimed at studying style through the perspective of the style of the translator intranslations to Portuguese from the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad (1902),considering, still, features probably related to the style of the translated text. This study isbased on studies of stylistic (STUBBS, 2005; TURCI, 2007). Stubbs (2003, 2004) shows thepresence of contrasts in the novel and Turci (2007) analyses the referents of dark*, thesestudies arouse the interest for the analysis of its contrast, light, feature of the source text notyet contemplated in other researchers of style of translation. The presence of contrasts pointsto the theme of ambiguity that permeates Conrads work. Then, it was chosen to study thestyle of the Portuguese translators through the contrast words darkness/light, black/white andnight/day, as well as examine the recurrent patters of the translators choices related to thesewords in the source text. The corpus is composed of the novel in English and of fourtranslations for the European Portuguese (FERNANDES, 1983; MARCOS, 1999; BRITO ECUNHA, 2008; RODRIGUES, 2009). These texts are part of the Corpus of Style inTranslation ESTRA, which was compiled with the purpose of contributing to the studies ofstyle of translation in literary texts. Initially, pairs of contrast, which indicate the theme ofConrads work, were identified, in its sequence, the lexical choices of the translators related tothese pairs were verified, followed by their related colocational patterns. The next proceededthe analysis and categorization of shifts. This stage was developed based in Pekkanen (2010).The development of this study through the pairs of contrast was supported on Mundayspresupposition (2008) that an analysis of style of translation should consider marked featuresof the source text, to identify them in the translated texts afterwards. The data collection wasmade through the methodological procedures of Corpus Linguistics, the computational toolsWordlist and Concord from the software WordSmith Tools 6.0©. The results showed that thetwo first translators, in chronological order, Fernandes (1983) and Marcos (1999)differentiated more from the source text, being more expressive in the shifts of order,expansion and deixis, while Brito e Cunha (2008) and Rodrigues (2009) seemed to haveapproximated more from the source text, being different from the two first translators forbeing more expressive in the shifts of contraction.