Produção e qualidade de sementes de grão-de-bico em diferentes épocas de plantio e colheita no Norte de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important vegetable crop, especially its high nutritional value. In Brazil, the work carried out show that the country has a high potential productive when grown in winter, especially in the North of Minas Gerais, where productivity is much higher than in other regions. However, more information is needed about planting times and quality of seeds produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of chickpea BRS Aleppo under irrigated system in three locations, North municipalities of Minas Gerais, according to three growing seasons. The experiments were conducted in the cities of Montes Claros (638m altitude) in the ICA / UFMG, Januaria (434m) in IFNMG and Janauba (533m) in UNIMONTES, and the plantations made in the months of May, June and July 2015. The design used was completely randomized blocks, in a 3x3 factorial scheme (three seasons of planting x three locations) and 7 reps. The following characteristics were evaluated: height, number of branches, stem diameter, number of pods, production and productivity. The data were submitted to the joint analysis and means compared to 5% probability by Tukey test. From the experiment in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais was assessed physical, and physiological (the germination test) in three seasons of planting and harvest periods (the 100, 107, 114, 121 and 128 days after seeding) in factorial 3x5. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, multiple comparisons by Tukey test and regression testing. The plant stand has been compromised in some times the incidence of Fusarium sp., Which consequently reduced production mainly in the municipalities of Januária and Janauba. Therefore, the joint analysis was made only with the experiments of Montes Claros and Januária. The lower height of plants found in the month of June planting in Montes Claros. The number of pods with two seeds was higher in the month of June planting. In the municipalities of Januária and Montes Claros there was no statistical difference in the same planting time, for this feature. In Montes Claros, the highlight was the month of May with productivity up to 5 ton ha-1, and Januaria in planting June with productivity up to 3 ton ha-1. In the germination test were the parameters evaluated first and second count of normal seedlings (at 5 and 8 days after the assembly of the test), germination speed index determined by daily counts, size and dry weight of seedlings at test. There was a difference in color pods, at 100 days after sowing, planting in May with a higher proportion of pods and green seeds, planting in June increased uniformity of dried pods and July with a higher proportion of dry seeds. Seed production was higher in the May planting close to 114 days after sowing, an average of 147 seeds per plant and productivity of 6.25 ton ha-1 (plant density at harvest = 85%). June plantations to the 107 days to 114 days and July resulted in a yield average of 3 ton ha-1, but with low densities of plants at harvest, 61 and 51%. The harvest in those stadiums presented top quality seeds with high germination 92-98% and germination speed index 11.88 to 16.38. The humidity had to be adequate for storage from 8.22 to 10.70%. The chickpea plantations showed good productive results, especially for planting in May in quantity and quality seeds. In the late planting (July), seed quality is compromised by high temperatures and rainfall at harvest time.