Aplicação da AET como contribuição ao projeto para meio ambiente com ênfase na reciclagem

Abstract

This wok presents a study about approaches dealing with Design For X (DFX), with emphasis on Design For Environment, specifically the Design For Recycling and Design For Disassembly. This study is justified by the necessity to consider the environmental demands in the production setor as well as the social demands and the information needed by the designers in the stage of product development. This research shows that the products are designed considering only the building process. Having the environmental questions in mind, the designers need to also consider how to dismantle those products to make the recycling possible. Various methods to analyze the project deficiencies of the product have been described in the literature. The majority of the methods are quantitative or computer simulation, and do not take into consideration the real activity of the recycling workers. The proposal of this research is to use a qualitative method in an analytical situation ofmanual disassembly for product recycling in the Brazilian reality. The Work Ergonomic Analysis (WEA) emerges as a helpful methodology for the Environmental Project to evaluate the difficulties of products disassembly that interfere in the recycling. This study was performed at the Association of Collectors of Paper, Cardboard and ReusableMaterials (Asmare), and has its focus in the analysis of the disassembly of containers made of Polyethylene terepthalate (PET). It is demonstrated that the analysis of the difficulties derived from the activities of disassembly of materials supplies means to identify the product characteristcs defined during its design stage that interfere with therecycling process. It is also seen that the problems encountered, in the deismantling of materials, included those of efficiency and the increase in work load as well as the risk of accidents. Therefore, the strategies of disassembly and the work conditions of those involved in these design.This will have benefits for the workers, the recycling companies, industries and to the environment.At the end of the analysis, investigations were made in factories that use PET containersand in some factories of PET components, to obtain information about the week points of the process from the viewpoint of Design For Recycling. The investigations demonstrate that the factories did not withhold konowledge of the difficulties that the products give to the recycling workers. Thus, the hypothesis of this thesis is confirmed that the WEA can contribute to the designers to give them information aboutthe deficiencies for the project of materials from the viewpoint of Design For Recycling.