Aumento horizontal de rebordo: técnicas preconizadas

Abstract

Pacients who have become partially or fully edentulous can be rehabilitated through the use of osteointegrateable implants. However, the loss of a tooth is subsequently associated with bone loss in many cases. In some cases the bone loss is so intense that makes it hard to place an implant on an ideal location (from a prosthetic point of view). Several techniques have been used in order to broaden the horizontaldimensions of alveolar bone in order to obtain a volume that will suffice for rehabilitation. Aiming to review the scientific literature to evaluate different alveolar horizontal augmentation procedures with an emphasis on the most current techniques: guided bone regeneration and Growth factor usage (BMP and PDGF), considering the predictability and side effects of each technique, the main papers published on the subject have been studied. It was concluded that in spite of the advances in the surgical field of horizontal bone augmentation, the autogenous graftinsertion is still considered the state of the art rehabilitation procedure. All the techniques studied have high predictability and low complication rates. Since the highlights are for the longer survival of implants in technical graft block, good predictability of Split Crest technique and the distraction osteogenesis technique that has great aesthetic advantage and does not require donor area.