Epidemiologia das lesões fibro-ósseas benignas dos maxilares

Abstract

Benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs) are rare conditions characterized by the development of neoplastic, reactive or dysplastic disease, in which is observed replacement of the normal bone by collagen, fibroblasts and different mineralized materials like bone and cementum. The main types are: fibrous dysplasia (FD): monostotic (MFD) or polyostotic (PFD); osseous dysplasia (OD): periapical (POD), focal (FocOD) or florid (FlorOD); and ossifying fibroma (OF): conventional (COF) or juvenile (JOF). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of BFOLs of the jaws diagnosed in the reference service in oral pathology at the Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais and compare it with the results found in other studies. Data were obtained from the archives of clinical and laboratory services in the period of 26 years (1990-2015). Gender, age, race and main clinical and radiographic characteristics of the lesion were collected. Descriptive statistical analysis of each variable and associations test between groups of lesions and gender, age, swelling and osteomyelitis were made. Among all diagnoses in the period (n=27998 records), the BFOLs represented 1.36% (n=383). The ODs (n=187, 48.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed, followed by FD (n=103, 26.9%) and OF (n= 93, 24.3%). Regarding the subtypes, the most common were FlorOD and MFD,both with 101 cases. Women were the majority in the study, with (n=314), as well as non-black patients with (n=226, 59.0%). Am forenqgu eanll cLyF oOf B8s2 .0th%e average age was 38.52 ± 17.54, affecting more the 4th and 5th decades. The most common radiographic features were mixed images: radiopaque and radiolucent (51.7%). The mandible was the most affected region (n=247, 64.5%), except for DF involving more maxilla (n=68, 66.0%). The DF was observed more in men than inwomen, as well as among younger patients. DOs were more common in women and older patients. The FO was no significant difference between genders. The association between the presence of osteomyelitis and OD was statistically significant (p=0.0001). The swelling was significant in FD and FO (p=0.0001). The frequency of LFOB is similar to that previously reported in the literature in the same country, but differs from data observed in other populations. It is important to consider the correlation of clinical, radiographic and histopathologic for definitive diagnosis of LFOBs. Epidemiological studies can guide the clinician on the patient'sprofile affected by a disease. Our results are important to assist in the diagnosis and clinical management of benign fibro-osseous lesions.