Variáveis de risco associadas à recessão gengival

Abstract

Gingival recession (GR) is characterized by the apical migration of the gingival margin exposing the root surface to the buccal environment. Studies have demonstrated the association of different variables with their occurrence, extent and severity, however, it seems difficult to identify the most important variables since they can act alone or in association in different populations. In view of this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of potential risk variables with the occurrence, extent and severity of GR. The sample consisted of 412 individuals (168 women and 244 men) from the metropolitan region of the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Socio - demographic information, smoking, aspects related to oral health care and periodontitis were verified. The GR was analyzed at cut-off points of 1, 3, 5 and 7mm for the whole mouth, and forthe buccal and interproximal regions. The association of GR with the independent variables was evaluated through multivariate logistic and linear regression models. The results showed that the occurrence of RG 1 mm in the sample was 52.9% (n = 218) for the whole mouth, and these individuals had on average 49.7% of the affected teeth (extension), with an average value Of RG of 2.1mm (gravity). The values of occurrence, extent and severity were, respectively, for the other cut-off points: a) 3 mm: 39.1%; 25.7%; 2,5mm; B) 5mm: 17.5%; 11.7%, 2.6mm; C) 7mm: 6.3%; 9.1%, 3.3mm. Upper molars and premolars, and incisors and lower premolars were the most affected teeth. Age, sex, schooling, flossing, toothbrushing frequency and periodontitis were significantly associated with the occurrence, extent and severity of GR in the different cut - off points and regions evaluated. It was concluded that the occurrence and extension of the GR was a common finding, however of low severity. Age and periodontitis were the variablesmost strongly associated with GR.