Modelo logístico para localização de instalações destinadas à logística reversa de embalagens pós-consumo

Abstract

The rapid growth of consumption has led to an increase in the disposal of products at the end of their useful life and the packaging that packs them. The final destination of these packaging and the post-consumer products generate costs that, in the majority of cases, are borne by the municipal public authority, responsible in Brazil for the management of Urban Solid Waste. With a view to reducing costs for municipalities, many countries have adopted the obligation of extended responsibility for manufacturers and importers through Reverse Logistics (RL) as a solution. The implementation of Reverse Logistics Systems (RLS) for post-consumer products provides environmental and economic benefits, since it increases the recycling potential. However, it is observed that there are still difficulties to make feasible the implantation and the consolidation of RLS. Among the existing shortcomings, we highlight the high costs and the low expectation of universalization of RL. RLS primarily serve large urban centers because of the high rate of return of materials. This thesis presents a logistic model of location of facilities for the reverse logistics of post-consumer packages, with allocation of Sorting Centers (SC) and Valorization Centers (VC) with the purpose of forming Optimum Territorial Arrangements (ATOS) that allow the Incorporation of municipalities of small and medium size. The optimization problem generated aimed at allocating the most strategic SC and VC and the best flows between the nodes of the logistics network, in order to minimize the costs of the RLS and maximize the revenues obtained from the commercialization of recyclable materials. The model was applied to the case of Espírito Santo state, located in the Southeast region of Brazil, using real data obtained in a field survey. For the sensitivity analysis of the model, scenarios based on population participation and operational criteria were constructed, such as the productive capacity of the SC and VC, transport costs and commercialization values of recyclable materials. The results showed that optimization through the developed logistic model can lead to results in which the Revenue/Cost ratio is higher than 100% and that the organization of municipalities can make it possible to universalize this service to the population, with assistance to small and mediumsized municipalities, obtaining revenues that justify the investments