Práticas e estruturas sanitárias na aldeia Halataikwa, Terra Indígena Enawene-Nawe/MT

Abstract

In Brazil, there are legal frameworks that establish and ensure indigenous peoples the right to differentiated health care, by including the cultural aspects of each people in the policies and actions implemented by the government in indigenous areas. However, indigenous populations are one of the least favored segments of the Brazilian population in terms of adequate sanitation and housing conditions. In order to understand the current situation of invisibility and demographic and social vulnerability in which indigenous peoples meet, it is also necessary to understand the indigenist policies promoted by the Brazilian government and their effects on the reproduction and survival of these peoples. This research aims to understand how the actions of the institutions responsible for indigenous health care are carried out, through a case study, when investigating the sanitary conditions of Halataikwa village, Enawene-Nawe / MT people. In order to reach the premises of this dissertation we adopted the assumptions governed by the qualitative methods of research, through the Grounded Theory approach, with a way to understand the health practices and behavior of the studied group. The field research was carried out by three researchers, in February of 2018, having duration of nineteen days. A total of 10 interviewees were interviewed with employees of the Multidisciplinary Health Team (EMSI), village residents, employees of the Polo Base and the village's Reference Sanitary District. The sanitary conditions found in Enawene-Nawe TI reveal patterns that blend the sociocultural elements of this people with technical elements and the habits of the people with whom they coexist. Existing sanitation solutions are ineffective and are unable to contain the infectious and parasitic diseases that persist in harassing the population living in the village Halataikwa. It was observed that the sanitary practices performed in the village are linked to the social, symbolic and spiritual relations of this people. There is a difficulty in sanitary structures to conform to the logic of mobility and displacement of indigenous populations, revealing the inability of the government to promote actions that consider ethnic cultural specificities by reproducing in standard areas standardized projects of standardized structures used in urban and rural areas that are not indigenous.