Estudo fitoquímico e biológico das folhas, caule e flores de lychnophora pinaster mart

Abstract

The trypanosomiasis, popularly known as Chagas Disease, is a protozoonose of the high incidence and endemic, affecting year 15 to 20 million people in America. The disease can become fatal if not treated, being the main cause of heart disease in South America. The drugsused in treatment of Chagas Disease have serious side effects and act only as a palliative, reducing infection. Ethnopharmacology studies indicated the use of extracts from species of the genus Lychnophora (Asteraceae) in the treatment of this disease which also are used asanalgesics, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic. The leaves, stem and flowers of Lychnophora pinaster Mart. were separately submitted to the extraction with cold ethanol to obtain the EFO, ECA and EFL extracts, respectively. These extracts were subjected to CCS fractionation usingfor elution for different solvents. The isolated compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and GC/MS. The hexane and dichloromethane EFO fractions gave a mixture of C14 to C16 hydrocarbons; a mixture of esters of lupeol and pseudotaraxasterol, mixture of 3-O-acetyl-urs-12-ene, 2-nonadecanona, 2-pentacosanona, 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-22-24-dien-5-ol, lupeol and alfa-amyrin, methyl ester derived from alfa-amyrin and an O-alkyl-alfa-amyrin. The ECA extract gave mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, acetate baurenyl, friedelin, mixture of alfa-amyrin and lupeol; mixture of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. The fraction of EFL in dichloromethane gave a mixtureof stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. Submitted to antimicrobial tests, EFO and its fractions in dichloromethane furnished positive results against Staphylococcus aureus allowing the direction of the study in order to purify the fractions with potent antimicrobial activities. The in vitro testswith blood trypomastigotes showed positive results of EFO (ethyl acetate fraction) and EFL (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions).