Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação da atividade biológica de extratos e constituintes das folhas de Maytenus distichophylla (Celastraceae)

Abstract

This work consists of the phytochemical study of the hexane and chloroform extracts from leaves of Maytenus distichophylla and biological activity evaluation of extracts and isolated compounds. The phytochemical study resulted in the isolation of 3-oxofriedelane, 3- hydroxyfriedelane, 3-oxo-30-hydroxyfriedelane, 3,24-dihydroxyfriedelane, mixture of 3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene and 3-hydroxy-olean-12-ene, -sitosterol, 3-O- -D-glucosyl--sitosterol, mixture of 3-stearyloxy-urs-12-ene and 3-stearyloxy-olean-12-ene, squalene, 1,4-trans-polyisoprene (gutta-percha), mixture of fatty alcohol, tritriacontanoic acid and sodium acetate. The chemical structure of the compounds was determined by spectroscopy (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and COSY) and spectrometric methods (CG-MS). The biological activity study consisted of the evaluation of antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal), antiparasitic activity, capacity of inhibition property of the enzyme acethylcholinesterase and antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate extract showed antioxidant activity and none of the extracts and isolated compounds showed antiparasitic activity. The hexane extract was active against Bacillus cereus. The chloroform extract, mixture of 3-stearyloxy-urs-12-ene and 3-stearyloxy-olean-12-ene, mixture of 3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene and 3-hydroxy-olean-12-ene, 3-hydroxyfriedelane and 3,24-di-hydroxyfriedelane showed biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus. All extracts and the compounds 3-oxofriedelane, 3-hydroxyfriedelane, 3-oxo-30-hydroxyfriedelane, 3,24-di-hydroxyfriedelane, mixture of 3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene and 3-hydroxy-olean-12-ene, mixture of 3-stearyloxy-urs-12-ene and 3-stearyloxy-olean-12-ene and -sitosterol showed high capacity to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase