Avaliação da exposição à poluição ambiental por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em material particulado atmosférico em diferentes áreas urbanas

Abstract

The atmospheric concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, was determinate in particulate matter of sampling sites located in the urban area of three different Brazilian cities, Belo Horizonte/MG, São Paulo/SP and Londrina/PR. The samples were collected next to high traffic routes and industrial region using High-Volume Air Sampler PM10 in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region and São Paulo, and Low-Volume Sampler PM10 in Londrina. The total average concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, São Paulo and Londrina was 14.26 ng m-3, 20.38 ng m-3 and 15.79 ng m-3 , respectively.A model based on the diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis was used to identify possible anthropogenic sources of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air. The results suggest that, in the three metropolitan regions, the main sources of these pollutants were combustion engine. A method to collect and analyze gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using polyurethane foam was developed. The eight most volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified and quantified by a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry and extracted by solid phase microextraction in direct immersion mode with cold fiber, in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentration allowed to estimate the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk for all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons considering that the unit lung cancer risk estimated by the World Health Organization is 8.7 10 -5ng m-3. The estimated risk values of this study were 2.5/10.000 for Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, 2.9/10.000 for São Paulo and 3.0/10.000 to Londrina, for an average lifetime of 70 years.