Desenvolvimento de biolubrificantes a partir dos óleos de pinhão-manso, macaúba e mamona

Abstract

With the crescent industrial development of Brazil in last years, there has been a growing demand for lubricant oils. At the same time, environmental issues are becoming increasingly important as a public issue. With regard to fossil lubricants, the main damage is releasedfrom the wastes into the environment. Water and soil are contaminated directly by lost lubrication system and the atmospheric air is affected by volatile lubricants. On the other hand, increased environmental awareness is the driving force for the development of newtechnologies. Thus, the use of biolubricants has become an environmentally friendly alternative. A biolubricant is a biodegradable lubricant which has the demonstrated ability to be decomposed in a range of up to 1 year, by natural biological processes carbonaceousearth, water or carbon dioxide. Vegetable oil-based biolubricants have important physicochemical properties, offering technical advantages in relation to typical oil-based oil. In this work, we investigated the jatropha oil potential (Jatropha curcas) and its mixtures with castor oil and macaúba (almond and pulp) through the centroid-simplex type mixture of planning for four-component mixture. Also they were studied transesterification product with methanol and ethanol, as well as the influence of the addition of nanostructures zinc oxide andgraphite with nanoribbons zinc biocarbon pitchas a basis for the production of biolubricants. As a result, the mixture design showed that the interaction effects of ternary mixtures can be synergistic or antagonistic to the grooves and the viscosity index, allowing to optimize the formulation of the product with more favorable characteristics. The combination of castor oil and macaúba pulp proved to be very favorable in terms of lubricity. Regarding the viscosity index oil pure jatropha showed the best result, and this was even better after the chemical change resulting from the transesterification reaction. For additions of nanostructures, oils exhibited random behavior with regard to lubricity and further studies are needed. Overall the data were satisfactory, indicating that the Jatropha oil and its mixtures with oils of castor andmacaúba represent a promising possibility to use as a biodegradable lubricant base.