Analise da pecuária bovina brasileira como subsídio para a criação de um índice de desenvolvimento

Abstract

Historically Brazil has being characterized for having and influent bovine livestock in her region; today she occupies the sixth place in cow milk production and second in meat production worldwide. However, in Brazil, the municipal bovine livestock development and its geographic distribution are not well known; few researches have been made, most are only at state and regional levels. Characterizing the productive systems development, of the bovine livestock in the Brazilian municipalities, is fundamental in the generation and orientation of the public politics that will after direct its grow and sustainability. The generation of appropriate indicators is a need in the characterization of the livestocks reality; production goals, consumption, social impact, environmental impact and risk of happening certain diseases can be estimated aspects. Before the lack of this indicators, frequently, are used as development indicators the municipal livestock production absolute quantities; data which is generated by the Statistics and Geography Brazilian Institute IBGE. In this study, a descriptive and analytical ecological study was conducted, the methodology applied included: selection of variables in the Agricultural Census 2006; evaluation of the data type and its effect on the productive profile; application of the technique principal components analysis and generation of indicators for dairy and beef livestock; categorization, geographical distribution and productive comparisons between the respective indicators. The conceptual framework used in the selection of variables was sustained in the basic structure of bovine, dairy or beef livestock; the data was relativized as the integration of criteria of quantity and production efficiency, lying a way to reduce the underestimation and overestimation problems generated by high variation between the size of the municipal areas. Four development index were generated: beef livestock, dairy livestock, dairy livestock in family farming and dairy livestock in not family farming. Each index was categorized, represented in the form of maps, compared and analyzed. Was demonstrated the disproportionate heterogeneity of the Brazilian bovine livestock. High and low development conglomerates were found. Brazil needs appropriate indicators for directing better the livestock and rural sectors that sustains her; the four indices generated in this study are a primary start for the representation of livestock reality in Brazil. It is expected that the methodology applied and the results obtained can be evaluated and compared with more detailed analysis in the different federal units or in large Brazilian regions. The quality of development indicators in livestock depends on the quality of the data in municipal aggregates. The identification of municipalities with underestimation or overestimation problems can be used to determine inclusion criteria in future studies or to improve the capture process of census data in identified areas, in the agricultural census of 2016. The information generated is a subsidy to guide growth and sustainability of the Brazilian bovine livestock; through her, health, economic, environmental and social aspects can be faced.