Intelectuais, política e literatura na América Latina: o debate sobre a revolução e socialismo em Cortázar, García Márquez e Vargas Llosa (1958-2005)

Abstract

In Latin America, in the 1960s, socialism and revolution were powerful components of the intellectual discourse and generated great political debates which spread out over the 1970 and 1980 decades. The Cuban revolutionary experience had a great value to the politicization and intellectual action of Julio Cortázar, Mario Vargas Llosa and Gabriel García Márquez, who lived intensely the intellectual engagement while taking positions in the political combats at that time. They took significant part in the discussions around the Cuban and Sandinist Revolutions, producing discourses of large repercussions, which circulated on articles, chronicles, novels, open letters and manifestos. At the present work, we analyze the participation of the three writers in the debate about revolution, socialism, the role of the intellectual and the politic-social function of the literature during three decades (from 1960 to 1990). We show the establishment of a left Latin-American intellectual web around Cuba and its impact on the literary field, and how the Padilla matter, among other questions, provoked many intellectuals break-up with the Cuban revolutionary regime. We also analyze Cortázars and Vargas Llosas criticism to the lefts, the position of García Márquez and Vargas Llosa in the post-Cold War world, and, at last, Vargas Llosas neoliberal militancy at the ends of the twentieth century and the first years of the twenty first century.