Fatores neurais relacionados com a força muscular

Abstract

The production of muscle strength is a phenomenon that arouses great interest in the field of sports sciences because of its importance for the different tasks that human beings face the demands of daily life, as well as the highly specialized demands, as in sport high yield. Morphological factors and neural factors are determinant in the production of muscle strength. Neural factors related to the production of muscle strength is the recruitment of motor units, the firing frequency of the motor units, motor unit synchronization or intra-muscular coordination, inter-muscular coordination, activation of synergists and co-contraction of antagonistic muscles. This monographic study aims to conduct a literature about the different neural factors associated with increased muscle force output. A systematic literature search in order to identify experimental studies that found the possible influences of neural factors in the production of muscle strength test. The motor units are recruited in a systematic order during voluntary contractions, according to the size principle. The number of times per unit time that a neuron triggers a nerve impulse in the motor end plates of cells innervated by it is called firing frequency. The synchronization of the motor units refers to a relationship in time between the action potentials of the same. The intermuscular coordination refers to a suitable activating agonists, antagonists and synergist muscles during movement. All muscles that somehow contribute to a movement that happen are defined as synergistic muscles. Changes in muscle activity of the antagonist muscles are one of the most misunderstood factors associated with neural adaptations to strength training. After this review of the available literature it became apparent that strength training and neural adaptations directly influence the improvement of muscle strength.