Efeitos do exercício aeróbico sobre o controle glicêmico em crianças e adolescentes com diabestes tipo 1

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 is the most common form of diabetes in children and adolescents in many parts of the world. Management in children and adolescents is a challenge for health professionals. Regular exercise is considered an integral part of the treatment in order to control the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, improve cardiovascular function, reduce the daily dose of insulin and decrease the risk of associated complications. Several studies show that patients who exercise regularly enjoy a better metabolic control. Although children andadolescents need of all kinds of different movements to improve physical skills and strengthen the muscles, it is important to invest in aerobic exercise in the treatment and care of diabetes type 1 in childhood. However, there is a dearth of research focused on exercise and Type 1 Diabetes, as most guidelines are based on data obtained from non-diabetics or people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence on the benefits of regular aerobic exercise on glycemic control in children and adolescents with DM1. Current guidelines recommend the prescription of aerobic exercise for people with diabetes, to be held 3-7 days / week, 20-60 min / day at an intensity of 50-80% of VO2R. Aerobic exercise appears to be a positive tool to improve glycemic control acute and chronic (better HbA1c levels) and can work with individuals who have inadequate glycemic control toreduce their HbA1c levels, and collaborate with the maintenance of good glycemic control in patients DM1. However, some limitations were found in the literature on the effects of exercise on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Few data on blood glucose and insulin regimes, lack of standardization as the weekly frequency, duration of training and trainingperiod display may have contributed to contradictory data. Studies also indicate that the majority of adolescents with DM1 leads sedentary lifestyles and have a low level of physical fitness. It is then suggested increasing aerobic exercise in order to improve cardiovascular fitness, since higher levels of fitness predict glycemic control, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, improve well-being, in addition to significantly restrict the need insulin in type 1 diabetes.