Proposição de fundamentos de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos para bacias hidrográficas do semiárido mineiro, com base em um estudo de caso no Município de Monte Azul/MG

Abstract

The Law 13.199/1999 despite being considered one of the best public policies concerning the protection of waters tangents needs some adaptations to the semiarid region. Based on a critical analysis, performed through a case study, this monograph sought to assess how the Law 13.199/1999 contributes to dealing with drought. The target field study is the Watershed Planning Unit and Water Resources Management - UPGRH SF 10, or the Watershed Verde Grande river. The cities visited, the North of Minas Gerais, Monte Azul, Espinosa, Mamonas and Mato Verde, the first of which presented a scenario of shortage of water having to capture treated water in the city of Porteirinha and Espinosa, to supply headquarters and rural locations, and other cities were visited in order to delimit the scope of this fact. With the selection of the following criteria: i) flow of the spring x design flow; ii) conditions of Water Supply System - WSS, urban and rural; iii) implemented solutions for water supply in urban and rural areas; iv) number of tools for managing water resources effectively deployed in the municipality; v) knowledge of water uses upstream and downstream of the capture of the headquarters; vi) level of protection of recharge areas; sought to evaluate what are the main factors that contribute or have contributed to Monte Azul present such a framework. This analysis served as a subsidy for the development of proposals and guidelines for Water Resources Management, as well as measures of urgent character, with a view to implementation in the Minas Gerais semiarid watersheds. It was found that the main factors contributing to the scenario are seen carrying capacity of the water supply system, solutions of water used, the current model of water resource management, and the level of protection areas refills. It was further observed that the licenses and guidelines do not have much effectiveness when applied in semiarid region, necessitating adjustments in relation to local climate and conflicts between water users. It was also considered that the solutions presented by the Water Resources Plan Watershed of the São Francisco River as far as the Water Resources Plan Watershed of the Verde Grande River will not meet the entire watershed of the Verde Grande River, especially the most critical region in relation to water availability and conflicts, the Middle and Lower Gorutuba. Finally, it was found that many programs and sources of funding exist, with the municipalities engage in a systematic way their share of the respective committee watershed presenting their demands in order to better living with drought in Minas Geraiss semiarid.