Traumatismo dentário em adolescentes: prevalência, fatores associados e influência na qualidade de vida

Abstract

The traumatic dental injury is an event that affects mainly children and adolescents. Its prevalence, etiology, type of lesion and association with factors such as gender, age and overjet have been widely studied in Brazilian adolescents. However, there is no consensus inthe literature about the influence of socioeconomic conditions in the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries and the association between that and dental caries. Moreover, as affecting mainly anterior teeth, it is important to investigate the influence of traumatic dental injuries inadolescents quality of life. Considering that, there was a cross-sectional survey representative of the municipality of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. The study involved 1612 schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years, both genders, students from public and private schools, selected atrandom and double stage. The classification of Andreasen was used to diagnose traumatic dental injuries and DMFT for dental caries. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of the city of Belo Horizonte was used for socioeconomic classification. The evaluation of the influencein quality of life by traumatic dental injuries in adolescents was performed by applying the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) - Impact Short Form (ISF:16), composed of 16 items. Data analysis included descriptive and analitic statistics. Thechi-square test and Fishers test were used. The significance level was set at 5%. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 17.1%. The main cause of traumatic dental injuries were falls (43.6%), and the most common place was the own home of the adolescent (41.8%). The males were more affected than the females, 19.9% and 15.0% respectively (P =0.009). There was no significant association between socioeconomic status and the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries (P = 0.294). However, it was found strong association of traumatic dental injuries with experience of dental caries (P <0.001) and overjet (P = 0.016). As theinfluence of traumatic dental injuries of quality of life showed that adolescents who had enamel-dentin fractures were 1.9 times (95% CI = 1.1-3.7) more chance to make impact in the item "other children made you questions about your teeth, lips, jaw or mouth" than those whohad no history of traumatic dental injury. Similarly, adolescents who had traumatic dental injuries treated with restorations presented twice (95% CI = 1.1-3.5) more likely to impact on the same item than adolescents who had no traumatic dental injuries. There was no significantassociation between quality of life and enamel-dentin fractures and restored fractures (Fisher = 0.610 and Fisher = 1.000, respectively). The conclusion is that the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries is associated with experience of dental caries and overjet pronounced, causing a negative impact mainly on social well-being of adolescents.