Traumas maxilofaciais e violência urbana em Belo Horizonte: um estudo epidemilógico

Abstract

The urban violence in Brazil if became a question of public health. It is present in daily of a each Brazilian, producing great number of victims, physical and emotional sequels. The maxillofacial trauma is a type of trauma occurred in the face and the head. The number of maxillofacial trauma can be associated with the exposition of this region of the body in the cases of traffic accidents or with an attempt to disfigure the face of the aggression victims. This study it analyzed the events of urban violence through the maxillofacial trauma of decurrent them in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Collection was executed retrospect of the registers of victims of urban violence taken care of in a public hospital in the period of January to December of 2007. The analyses had involved descriptive statistics, test qui-square of Pearson, test of Fisher and analysis of residues. Of a total of 726 victims of urban violence (65.2%) they were men, (34.8%) women. The main event of violence was physical aggression (65.7%), followed for running over, traffic accidents (26.5%) running over (6.9%) and aggression for gunshots (1%). The joined types of trauma had been soft tissues trauma (45.0%) followed by simple fractures (31.3%), dentoalveolar trauma (19.1%), multiple fractures (3.9%), and skull trauma (0.7%). The biggest number of occurrences in the nocturnal period was registered 559 cases (77.0%). Analysis after bivaried met significant difference between the sorts, the men were associates to the motocycles accidents and the women physical aggression (p<0,001). Association between the automobile accidents and the daylight and between the physical aggressions and the nocturnal period was found (p=0,019). It was observed that saturdays and sundays had presented the biggest frequencies of maxillofacial trauma (23.1%) e (23.3%). Considering the distribution of the cases during the year, they had not been registered great variations, with a average of 60,5 occurrences month (± 11,37). The health professionals must be intent in such a way to the attendance of the victims, how much to the understanding of the dynamics and the diversity of manifestations of the phenomenon urban violence.