Incidência de cárie dentária na superfície oclusal de primeiros molares permanentes: um acompanhamento de três anos

Abstract

This study aimed to identify, after three years, the incidence of dental caries in the occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars of school children aged 9 to 11 years in two public schools, selected by convenience, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (COEP-UFMG, ETIC 059/06). In addition, there was an association between tooth decay and sociodemographic, behavioral and biological. We conducted a longitudinal study whose baseline was formed from data collected in the first phase of the study in 2007 (baseline). Of the 272 pairs of parents/school children from 6 to 8 years of age who participated in the first phase of the study, 224 were re-examined. Data collection was done through a structured questionnaire applied to parents/guardians of children and oral examination, performed by a single examiner calibrated (Kappa 0.68 to 0.85). The internal reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated and guaranteed in 2007. The survey investigated the presence of dental caries and dental plaque on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars and the stage of tooth eruption in question. The diagnosis of dental caries included caries lesion in enamel and dentin. The dependent variable was the presence of carious lesions in occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in 2010. The independent variables were age, sex, child's dental experience, frequency of tooth brushing, fluoride history of use, monthly family income, maternal education, presence of caries, dental plaque visible and stage of eruption of first permanent molars (baseline). Clinical examination was performed with artificial lighting and compressed air. A supervised brushing was carried out by the children after the examination of dental plaque. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables was done by bivariate analysis (2 test) and multivariate analysis (Poisson regression), with a significance of 5%. The incidence of caries lesions (enamel/dentin) on the occlusal surface of first permanent molars was 25.4%. In bivariate analysis there was a statistically significant association between the incidence of caries and variables (baseline): frequency of tooth brushing, stage of eruption of first permanent molars and caries and presence of visible dental plaque on the teeth in question. Remained in the multivariate model only the variables were collected in 2007: dental caries (RR= 1.22 [1.13 to 1.66]) and dental plaque (RR = 1.37 [1.01 to 1.51]). We concluded that the fact that children were identified with visible plaque and caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in 2007 increased the risk of children being diagnosed with caries lesions in occlusal surfaces of some of the teeth examined in 2010.