Perfil epidemiológico e clínico de indivíduos do sistema prisional de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

The general and oral health conditions of individuals deprived of liberty have been precarious, due to the neglect of basic health care related to life prior to imprisonment, as well as the unsanitary conditions of prison establishments and the scarce supply of health services offered in the prison environment. The objective of this study is to characterize the epidemiological and dental profile of individuals in the prison system of the municipality of Barbacena, Minas Gerais. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with an evaluation of the information present in the digital medical records of the Integrated Prison Management System (SIGPRI). A total of 446 medical records of individuals who were incarcerated from January 2021 to March 2024 were evaluated. The information collected included family; medical; behavioral characteristics and oral conditions. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program version 21.0. In the statistical analysis, an error of 5% was considered and Pearson chi-square test was used to assess the association between variables. The average age of the individuals was 37,14 (11,2) years; the length of imprisonment ranged from 2 to 5 years (39,0%); the most frequent crime committed was drug trafficking (34,1%). In addition, the prevalence of arterial hypertension was 9,9%, diabetes mellitus was 2,9%, and infectious diseases were 11,7%. Regarding behavioral aspects, 59,2% consumed alcoholic beverages and 79,1% were users of illicit substances. The average value of the DMFT index found was 12,56. Regarding its components, it was observed that the missing component presented the highest average (6,64 ± 8,80), followed by the filled (3,33 ± 3,99) and decayed (2,58 ± 3,38) components, respectively. 15,9% of the individuals used dental prostheses and 40,4% required prosthetic rehabilitation. It was observed that 70,6% of the inmates had unsatisfactory oral hygiene. The highest number of individuals with indicated endodontic treatment was observed in the age group of 18 to 25 years (28,1%) and in the age group of 36 to 45 years the highest number of inmates with indicated extraction (46,9%). The oral health condition of the studied population was shown to be precarious, with a high number of missing teeth and the need for prosthetic rehabilitation treatment.