Mudanças no perfil de impacto da carga incapacitante em pacientes com migrânea após o tratamento com dieta com baixo nível de carboidratos

Abstract

Migraine remains a global health and human development issue. Its burden impacts people of all social strata and focuses on the most productive and economic years. It is a non-communicable chronic disease caused by multiple risk factors that allow for a wide range of interventions for its prevention and treatment. Technological advances reveal that crises are homeostasis restorement in response to energy deficiency associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Insulin is associated with biochemical changes, such as lifestyle and eating habits, stimulated by its presence. Adopting dietary strategies with reduced carbohydrate intake as treatment can have a neuroprotective effect through controlled ketosis that changes the source of energy efficiency of mitochondrial metabolism and normalizes neuronal excitability. The study aimed to evaluate changes in impact and disability burden in individuals with migraine after using a low carbohydrate diet as a treatment until twelve months. Methods – Two primary headache assessment, Headache Impact Test (HIT6) and Headache Disability Inventory (HDI), was applied in association with a diet questionnaire adapted to evaluate the characteristics of the diet based on low-carbohydrate intake. Results - Before the treatment, 75% of subjects were classified as “severely impacted.” After treatment, 62,5% was classified as “little or no impact” on HIT6 (p = 0,0005). There was a significant reduction in disability burden scores of 23.8% (p < 0,0001, HIT6) and 62.6% (p = 0,0001, HDI), a significant difference for non-pharmacological treatments. The adapted questionnaire allows inferring that 81% of the participants had “some adherence to the proposed diet” (p < 0,0001). Conclusion – The impact and disability burden reduction in patients with migraine may be associated with the food strategy as treatment.