Anemia em crianças de uma creche pública de Belo Horizonte e as repercussões sobre o desenvolvimento de linguagem e audição

Abstract

ARTICLE 1Objective: comparing the development of the language in anemic and non anemic children from a public daycare center in de Belo Horizonte city. Methods: Transversal study likely blind case and control, with language development evaluation of anemic and non anemic children between 2 and 6 years old. All children had digital puncture to detect the iron-deficiency anemia (hemoglobin = 11.3 g/dL). The case group was set of 22 anemic children and the control group, of 44 children, selected by randomized paired sampling. The language development of each one of the participants has been observed, according to big fields: communicative aspects (reception and emission) and Languagecognitive aspects, using the Observation Guide of Children Behavior from 0 to 6 years old. There had been created indices of performance in order to qualify the children answers. Results: It has been observed a statistically significant difference between the two groups the case and the control one in the hemoglobin values, with averages 10.6 e12.5 g/dL, respectively. The groups do not differ between themselves concerning to the following varieties: age, gender, breast-feeding and mother schooling. In the language evaluation it has been observed a statistically significant difference in the indices of reception (p=0,02), emission (p<0.001) and cognitive languages aspects (p<0.001),presenting a worse performance in anemic children. Conclusions: Anemic children that attend to a public daycare center are more vulnerable to language development alterations than non-anemic ones. Therefore, anemia must be consider in the public health context in the language development alterations, and consequently, in the children learning. ARTICLE 2Objective: comparing the auditory and language development in anemic and non anemic children between 3 to 6 from a public daycare center in de Belo Horizonte city. Methods: Transversal study likely blind case and control. All children had digital puncture to detect the iron-deficiency anemia (hemoglobin = 11.3 g/dL). The case group was set of 19 anemic children and the control group, of 38 healthy children, selected byrandomized paired sampling. The childrens hearing was evaluated with otoacoustic emissions, tympanometry and simplified evaluation of central auditory processing. The language development of each one of the participants has been observed using the behavior Observation Guidelines of children from 0 to 6 years old. There had been created indices of performance in order to qualify the children answers. Results: The groups did not differ between themselves about age, gender, breast-feeding and mother schooling. The following varieties presented statistically significant differences: hemoglobin values (10.6 g/dL, 12.6 g/dL); acoustic reflex presence (63%, 92%); reception performance indices (72.8, 90.1); emission (50.6, 80.6) and cognitive language aspects (47.8, 76.0) in anemic and non-anemic children respectively. Thehearing abilities in the verbal and non-verbal sequential memory and the sonorous localization had been showed inappropriate in grand part of children, specially the anemic ones. Conclusions: Anemic children differed statically from non-anemic children in what concerns to alterations in the acoustic reflex and language development and also present more prevalence of alterations on the periferical hearing evaluation.