Pequenos jogos no futebol: influência da modificação do tamanho do campo na área absoluta e relativa no comportamento tático de jogadores de diferentes idades

Abstract

This study aimed compare the tactical behavior, measured by fundamental tactical principles, and tactical performance, measured by positive percentage of defensive and offensive tactical principles, in small-sided games modified pitch size on the changes of absolute (total area) and relative (total area divided by the number of players in the field, expressed in squared meters – m²) area in soccer players of different categories. Thirty-two young soccer players of under-13 and under-14 category participated of study, sixteen to each. They participated in three protocols of small-sided games: 3vs. 3 and 3vs. 3+1 in absolute size of 36x27meters and relative size of 162m² e 139m², respectively, and 3vs. 3+1 C.G. in absolute size of 40x29 meters and relative size of 162m². Eight set, separated between two groups, to each set were composed of duration of four minutes. This procedure was applied to each protocols of small-sided games and category. Tactical behavior and tactical performance were assessed thought the System of Tactical Assessment Tactical in Soccer (FUTSAT). The date of tactical bahavior, offensive tactical principles (penetration, offensive coverage, width and length, depth mobility, offensive unity), defensive (delay, defensive coverage, balance, concentration, defensive unity) and tactical performance, positive percentage offensive and defensive principles in under-13 and under-14 category was analyzed thought ANOVA two-away (protocols x categories). Signicant level was of 5% and the effect size ² partial was calculated. The results showed that under-14 category presented higher incidence in principles near on game center (ofensive coverage and defensive coverage). Moreover, the increase of absolute area allowed higher incidence in actions on support to the player in possession of the ball, while the reduce allowed higher incidence of width and length and higher defensive positive percentage in under-14 category. Furthermore, the reduce, simultaneous, of absolute and relative area allowed higher incidence in the game center approach (offensive unity and defensive unity) and the protection of risk areas (concentration). Concluded that the old category presented better tactical performance in small pith of modification absolute size. Moreover, modifications absolute size in isolation and relative and absolute size simultaneously had no effect in detachment (width and length) or approximation (offensive and defensive unity, concentration and offensive coverage) between players.