Distribuição espaço-temporal dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) e da circulação de arbovírus no Campus Pampulha da UFMG

Abstract

Monitoring adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is an fundamental part of epidemiological surveillance and, recently, the spatio-temporal distribution of vector populations has been relevant for targeting vector control practices and reducing the risk of arbovirus transmission (Dengue, Zika virus and Chikungunya). The presence of Ae. aegypti and transmission of dengue and Zika virus on the Pampulha Campus of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (CP-UFMG) has worried the academic community. During 2017-2020, the “Aedes Monitoring and Control” project was executed, using the GAT trap and the MI-Aedes system, to direct control and prevention practices. Data from entomological indices were evaluated, but it was necessary develop studies of spatial dispersion of Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus and the circulation of arboviruses in CP-UFMG. This work describe and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and the viral circulation of ZIKV and DENV in CP-UFMG. Data from the 2018-2020 MI-Aedes/Virus system of CP-UFMG containing entomological indices and molecular analysis for arbovirus detection were organized and entered into ArcGIS software for geoprocessing and spatial analysis. Initially, the spatial description of the data was carried out, via point map and Kernel density analysis, and later, the spatial autocorrelation was verified through the analysis of the Moran Index, while Kriging was performed to verify vector/infected mosquitões abundance in the CP-UFMG. A total of 22,913 captured mosquitoes were analyzed, in which 22,467 (98%) Ae. aegypti and 446 (2%) Ae. albopictus. It was observed that the abundance of mosquitoes varied seasonally, with higher abundance in the rainy season (September to January) and lower in the dry season (May-August). In 2019, registered an increase in the number of Ae. aegypti infected by DENV-2 caught at CP-UFMG in the same months in which the number of dengue cases increased in the Pampulha Region, the same region as the study, and in Belo Horizonte. Ae. aegypti infected with ZIKV in during 2018-2020 and Ae. albopictus in 2018. The formation of high/intermediate density zones occurred mostly in the buildings of the Veterinary School (VS), School of Arts (SoA) and Institute of Biological Sciences (IBC), and in rainy periods and with a greater number of mosquitoes, the formation of zones of intermediate density Engineering School (ENG) was recorded. For Ae. albopictus, the region with the highest density/abundance of mosquitoes was the ICB. It was recorded that Ae. aegypti is more abundant than Ae. albopictus (Kernel Analysis/Ordinary Kriging). In relation to Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus infected by arbovirus, it was observed that the ICB had a higher density of mosquitoes infected by DENV-2, while in VS and SoA there was a higher density of mosquitoes infected by ZIKV. Although these sites have a high density of mosquitoes, the spatial autocorrelation, a statistically detectable spatial correlation between the blocks of the CP-UFMG buildings, was detected only for Ae. aegypti and DENV-2, being the first the only one to form spatial cluster (High-High) in the SoA region. It was found that the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus infected with DENV-2 and ZIKV was heterogeneous in areas of high infestation and with spatial cluster. Therefore, spatial analysis integrated with monitoring can identify priority areas for prevention and vector control activities and reduce the potential risk of transmission of arboviruses to the population.