A ética da alteridade como um fundamento para uma tutela ambiental ampliada: uma leitura desconstrutivista da alteridade em Lévinas: entes ambientais como totalmente Outro

Abstract

The research was carried out based on the questioning about the existence of an ethics towards non-human life forms based on Emmanuel Lévinas' theory, as well as analyzing whether a positive answer would also bring changes in environmental law. As an objective, in addition to investigating and answering these two points, we sought to delve into the issue of alterity and radical difference as a way of countering the totalizing movement of the "I" and, as a consequence, how Law, especially environmental Law, needs to embrace multiple values as a manifestation of nonindifference to the Other. To this end, we sought to make a systemic interpretation of Lévinas, with the help of readings by other authors and by Jacques Derrida's deconstructivist way. Thus, it was pointed out how in Lévinas it is possible to build an ethics of alterity and a politics in which animals, plants, ecosystems, among others, should be protected by themselves, without the need of a utility for the human being. The results exposed construct an argument to move away from the anthropocentric foundation present in the practice of environmental law and trace paths and give examples of how to analyze law from an ethical viewpoint of a humanism of the Other.