Efeitos da reabilitação acelerada em pessoas idosas com osteoartrite de quadril submetidas a artroplastia total: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The elderly population has been growing rapidly in Brazil and worldwide, and consequently, this growth leads to an increase in chronic diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Hip OA is considered one of the main causes of functional disability in elderly people, becoming a clinical condition with a higher frequency of indication for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in severe cases and advanced stages of the disease. Early physical therapy is extremely important in the postoperative phase of THA, and can promote an improvement in the quality of life and an early return to daily activities for these patients. Therefore, the accelerated rehabilitation protocol was introduced in the postoperative period of THA in order to optimize the conventional resources available to accelerate the recovery period. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the accelerated rehabilitation program compared to conventional rehabilitation in elderly people with hip OA undergoing THA. Methods: This is an integrative literature review study, where searches were carried out in the electronic databases PEDro, Medline, SciELO, LILACS and Google Scholar, through articles published between 2013 and 2023. Results: Five articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted. The results of this review indicate that the accelerated rehabilitation protocol has positive effects for elderly people undergoing THA surgery. The included studies showed statistically significant intragroup clinical effects for practically all outcomes evaluated, and between groups, they showed positive effects in four of the five studies included in this review, indicating that accelerated rehabilitation may be superior to conventional rehabilitation in at least some outcomes evaluated by the included studies. Conclusion: The accelerated rehabilitation program in elderly people with hip OA undergoing hip THA has positive effects on early patient mobilization, contributing to pain reduction, gain in hip range of motion, increased strength, rapid functional recovery, in addition to a reduction in hospital stay and risk of hospital readmission. However, caution is required in interpreting the results and further studies on the subject are needed.