Entre identidades e alteridades : pathemias de ódio em Vidas de Demétrio e Antônio, de Plutarco

Abstract

In Lives of Demetrius and Antony, Plutarch unveils his worldview through the lens of Hellenic culture, delineating his concepts of civilization and barbarism. Situated within the realm of doxa, the Chaeronean biographer, who thrived under Roman dominion (1st and 2nd centuries AD), crafts a narrative that intertwines biographical, documentary, and historical elements, reconfiguring facts and information for moralistic and moralizing objectives. Guided by paideia, Plutarch delves into questions regarding identities among Greeks, Romans, and barbarians. The research is grounded in two core categories – identities (ethé) and emotions (pathé). In addition to these foundational concepts, others such as hellenism, paideia, imperialism, orientalism, barbarism, emotional communities and emotional scripts complement and enrich the analysis. This theoretical approach establishes the essential groundwork for analytical procedures, enabling the formulation of interpretative perspectives on the selected corpus. Employing qualitative methodology aligned with the conventional historian's approach, the analysis encompasses internal and external source critiques, coupled with content analysis. By the conclusion of this research, it becomes evident that Plutarch criticizes the protagonists when they transgress the boundaries set by hellenic morality, ethics, and aesthetics, subjecting them to judgment for their actions and vices. To achieve this, the biographer weaves a narrative that encompasses socio-cultural, political-military, and rhetorical-discursive elements, dealing with pathemias linked to hatred – both within the intradiegetic universe (narratedworld) and the extradiegetic universe (narration world).