Procalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections

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dc.creatorPhilipp Schuetz
dc.creatorJean Chastre
dc.creatorFlorence Tubach
dc.creatorKristina Kristoffersen
dc.creatorOlaf Burkhardt
dc.creatorTobias Welte
dc.creatorStefan Schroeder
dc.creatorVandack Nobre
dc.creatorLong Wei
dc.creatorHeiner Bucher
dc.creatorNeera Bhatnagar
dc.creatorYannick Wirz
dc.creatorDjillali Annane
dc.creatorKonrad Reinhart
dc.creatorAngela Branche
dc.creatorPierre Damas
dc.creatorMaarten Nijsten
dc.creatorDylan de Lange
dc.creatorRodrigo o Deliberato
dc.creatorStella Lima
dc.creatorVera Maravi'-stojkovi'
dc.creatorAlessia Verduri
dc.creatorRamon Sager
dc.creatorBin Cao
dc.creatorYahya Shehabi
dc.creatorAlbertus Beishuizen
dc.creatorJens-ulrik Jensen
dc.creatorCaspar Corti
dc.creatorJos a Van Oers
dc.creatorAnn Falsey
dc.creatorEvelien de Jong
dc.creatorCarolina Ferreira de Oliveira
dc.creatorBianca Beghe
dc.creatorMirjam Christ-crain
dc.creatorMatthias Briel
dc.creatorBeat Mueller
dc.creatorDaiana Stolz
dc.creatorMichael Tamm
dc.creatorLila Bouadma
dc.creatorCharles e Luyt
dc.creatorMichel Wolff
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-23T21:46:16Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-08T23:56:35Z
dc.date.available2022-06-23T21:46:16Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.format.mimetypepdf
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/14651858.cd007498.pub3
dc.identifier.issn1465-1858
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1843/42631
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
dc.relation.ispartofCochrane library
dc.rightsAcesso Aberto
dc.subjectProcalcitonina
dc.subjectAntibióticos
dc.subjectInfecções
dc.subjectTrato respiratório
dc.titleProcalcitonin to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections
dc.title.alternativeProcalcitonina para iniciar ou descontinuar antibióticos em infecções agudas do trato respiratório
dc.typeArtigo de periódico
local.citation.volume1
local.description.resumoBackground Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) comprise of a large and heterogeneous group of infections including bacterial, viral, and other aetiologies. In recent years, procalcitonin (PCT), a blood marker for bacterial infections, has emerged as a promising tool to improve decisions about antibiotic therapy (PCT‐guided antibiotic therapy). Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the feasibility of using procalcitonin for starting and stopping antibiotics in different patient populations with ARIs and different settings ranging from primary care settings to emergency departments, hospital wards, and intensive care units. However, the effect of using procalcitonin on clinical outcomes is unclear. This is an update of a Cochrane review and individual participant data meta‐analysis first published in 2012 designed to look at the safety of PCT‐guided antibiotic stewardship. Objectives The aim of this systematic review based on individual participant data was to assess the safety and efficacy of using procalcitonin for starting or stopping antibiotics over a large range of patients with varying severity of ARIs and from different clinical settings. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE, and Embase, in February 2017, to identify suitable trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing trials in April 2017. Selection criteria We included RCTs of adult participants with ARIs who received an antibiotic treatment either based on a procalcitonin algorithm (PCT‐guided antibiotic stewardship algorithm) or usual care. We excluded trials if they focused exclusively on children or used procalcitonin for a purpose other than to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment. Data collection and analysis Two teams of review authors independently evaluated the methodology and extracted data from primary studies. The primary endpoints were all‐cause mortality and treatment failure at 30 days, for which definitions were harmonised among trials. Secondary endpoints were antibiotic use, antibiotic‐related side effects, and length of hospital stay. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and clinical diagnosis using a fixed‐effect model. The different trials were added as random‐effects into the model. We conducted sensitivity analyses stratified by clinical setting and type of ARI. We also performed an aggregate data meta‐analysis. Main results From 32 eligible RCTs including 18 new trials for this 2017 update, we obtained individual participant data from 26 trials including 6708 participants, which we included in the main individual participant data meta‐analysis. We did not obtain individual participant data for four trials, and two trials did not include people with confirmed ARIs. According to GRADE, the quality of the evidence was high for the outcomes mortality and antibiotic exposure, and quality was moderate for the outcomes treatment failure and antibiotic‐related side effects. Primary endpoints: there were 286 deaths in 3336 procalcitonin‐guided participants (8.6%) compared to 336 in 3372 controls (10.0%), resulting in a significantly lower mortality associated with procalcitonin‐guided therapy (adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99, P = 0.037). We could not estimate mortality in primary care trials because only one death was reported in a control group participant. Treatment failure was not significantly lower in procalcitonin‐guided participants (23.0% versus 24.9% in the control group, adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01, P = 0.068). Results were similar among subgroups by clinical setting and type of respiratory infection, with no evidence for effect modification (P for interaction > 0.05). Secondary endpoints: procalcitonin guidance was associated with a 2.4‐day reduction in antibiotic exposure (5.7 versus 8.1 days, 95% CI ‐2.71 to ‐2.15, P < 0.001) and lower risk of antibiotic‐related side effects (16.3% versus 22.1%, adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.82, P < 0.001). Length of hospital stay and intensive care unit stay were similar in both groups. A sensitivity aggregate‐data analysis based on all 32 eligible trials showed similar results. Authors' conclusions This updated meta‐analysis of individual participant data from 12 countries shows that the use of procalcitonin to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment results in lower risks of mortality, lower antibiotic consumption, and lower risk for antibiotic‐related side effects. Results were similar for different clinical settings and types of ARIs, thus supporting the use of procalcitonin in the context of antibiotic stewardship in people with ARIs. Future high‐quality research is needed to confirm the results in immunosuppressed patients and patients with non‐respiratory infections.
local.publisher.countryBrasil
local.publisher.departmentMED - DEPARTAMENTO DE CLÍNICA MÉDICA
local.publisher.initialsUFMG
local.url.externahttps://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007498.pub3/full

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