Painéis industrializados derivados da madeira como suporte pictórico: a importância do estudo do material para a conservação de obras

Abstract

This thesis investigates the use of wood-based panels in modern and contemporary art from the perspective of the Conservation of Cultural Heritage. These materials have been developed to enhance the applications and sustainable utilization of wood, as well as to expand the options for its use due to advancements in the manufacturing process. The main advantages described over the basic raw material, wood, include dimensional extension, control of natural flaws, potential for standardization of physical-mechanical properties, addition of chemical additives to enhance resistance, protection against biological contamination, and cost reduction. Currently, the industry of panel production using lumbers, veneers, particles, or wood fibers has experienced continuous growth and technological development. The qualities of these materials have also been recognized in the artistic context, finding application in small, medium, and large paintings. Although the engineering, architecture, and furniture sectors are the main markets for producing these composites, this research takes an original approach by studying artworks created using wood composites to identify deteriorations related to the support. The manufacturing process and specific characteristics of each type of composite can significantly influence the state of conservation of artworks. The lack of knowledge regarding these factors poses challenges in terms of the artist's technique, storage and exhibition practices, accurate referencing, and registration of paintings, as well as conservation and restoration treatments. The initial focus of this research was to comprehend the characteristics of woods and wood-based panels to establish connections and comparisons between the basic raw material and its composites, both in terms of their fundamental structures and their use as pictorial supports. The study integrates Conservation Science with the fields of Preventive Conservation and Technical Art History as key lines of investigation.