Estratégia de controle do fluxo de potência de um cluster avançado de média tensão com estações de recarga rápida de veículos elétricos e microrredes avançadas

Abstract

In this doctoral thesis, control strategies are presented for grid clusters composed of advanced microgrids and fast-charging stations (FCSs). The proposed approach offers more degrees of freedom in energy management, contributing to the mitigation of abrupt power variations in the grid, with a focus on medium-voltage operation and on ensuring power supply within the electrical system. The challenges addressed include the control of power flow in the presence of high penetration of distributed generation and the impact of FCSs on power quality. The work proposes adaptations of the power-based control (PBC) algorithm to deal with such conditions, enabling both local power balancing and the provision of ancillary services to the grid, such as peak shaving, valley filling, and voltage support. The proposed system was evaluated in two distinct modes of operation: grid-connected and islanded. In both modes, centralized and coordinated power control solutions were developed and tested. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm is capable of maintaining the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) of the grid cluster within the limits considered adequate, as established by the PRODIST standards of ANEEL. Moreover, the methodology proved robust against load and generation variations within the grid cluster in islanded mode, considering simulations with phasor-based solvers. The proposal was also experimentally validated in a small-scale laboratory environment, confirming its practical feasibility. It was possible, for instance, to achieve zero power flow at the PCC, demonstrating internal power balancing, an essential condition for islanded operation.