Usando as minhas palavras favoritas para mapear os ingredientes ativos das intervenções não invasivas de fisioterapia para o transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder present a high degree of disability. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was proposed to provide a useful standard language. 'My Favorite Words' were developed so that professionals and families can apply them through simple language. The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System is used to classify interventions. The ‘F-words lens tool' was created to map the components of interventions by combining these theoretical models. The objectives of this study are to map non-invasive physiotherapy interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder and to use the 'F-words lens tool' to summarize the main components of the interventions. This scoping review included searches in the PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Studies published in any language between 2001 and 2025 were eligible, including children, adolescents, and adults aged 0-59 years (60-100% of the sample) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (60-100% of the sample). Study and intervention characteristics were extracted. Intervention ingredients were reported according to The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System and linked to favorite keywords. This review was conducted by a Patient and Public Involvement team. Forty-eight studies were included, mostly from high-income countries. The most common level of evidence was 3. The studies involved 1,404 participants, with a mean age ranging from 3 to 18 years. Only 6% of the studies included adult participants. Most interventions were conducted by physiotherapists (71%), but there were also interdisciplinary interventions (29%). Thirty-six interventions were investigated, with their ingredients mostly related to the words 'Fitness' (34%) and 'Functioning' (31%). Interventions addressing elements related to ‘Fun’ and ‘Future’ should be implemented. Further studies in the adult population with a higher level of evidence should be conducted, as well as clinical practice guidelines for the population with Autism Spectrum Disorder.