Crise do regionalismo Sul-americano: discussões sobre integração, fragmentação e desintegração

Abstract

Regionalism is considered one of the most relevant phenomena in international relations since the mid-twentieth century despite having gone through increasing questioning and occasional crises in the first decades of the 21st century. Based on a methodological procedure of bibliographic and documental review, data gathering, and a graphic and hermeneutic internationalist analysis based on data interpretation from the areas of international political economy and international relations, this article aims to discuss the causes of the crisis in South American regional schemes throughout the 2010s. Based on the results obtained in the article, it is concluded that the different regional schemes such as Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA), Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), and Andean Community of Nations (CAN) share political and ideological similarities in the shaping of regional projects of second and third "waves", as well as conjuncture and structural convergences to explain the crisis contexts of South American regionalism, despite the fact that the trends of fragmentation and disintegration are disparate among the blocs.