Uso de técnicas de modelagem e análise espacial na seleção de áreas ideais para construção de aterros sanitários em regiões metropolitanas densamente povoadas

Abstract

In Brazil around 80 thousand tons of urban solid waste are disposed inadequately every day according to the United Nations estimates, corresponding to more than 40% of the collected garbage. Even with the annual increase of 6.2% in the volume of waste properly disposed, this index has evolved slowly, and the absolute volume of improperly disposed waste has gradually increased. From an economic point of view, landfills are the most environmentally sound solution since they are equipped with technologies that prevent the contamination of soil and groundwater resources. However, the choice of the area for the construction of a landfill is still a big challenge for their dissemination. This research aimed to identify ideal areas for the construction of sanitary landfills in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). The proposed method is based on a multicriteria analysis method in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment to select potential areas for the construction of landfills. In order to do this, multicriteria analysis will be combined with GIS to examine the legal requirements and the construction regulations for this type of enterprise. Based on the combination of environmental, social and economic variables, of restrictive and factorial order, the proposed model located 14 potential areas to the installation of sanitary landfills in the RMBH. In addition, an analysis of the quality of the thematic map generated through an empirical and sample process was performed, and the results obtained were considered satisfactory.